The History Book Buffs

Hitler's most dangerous enemies weren't outside the Nazi Party—they were inside it.
In this episode, historian Roger Moorhouse takes us inside the dramatic events of 30 June–2 July 1934, when Hitler unleashed a wave of assassinations against his own comrades in what became known as the Night of the Long Knives. Except it wasn't just one night. It was a murderous long weekend that cemented his dictatorship and changed the course of history.
Why did Hitler betray Ernst Röhm, one of his oldest allies? How did the SA become a threat to the regime it helped create? And what role did the army, conservative elites and Himmler play in one of the most shocking political purges of the twentieth century?
We discuss:
Why Hitler turned on his closest supporters.
Ernst Röhm, the SA and the power struggle at the heart of the Nazi regime.
The dawn raid at Bad Wiessee and the purge's most notorious killings.
The murder of former Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher and the widening of the purge beyond the Nazi Party.
How the Nazis dressed up political murder as an act of state.
Why the purge marked the moment Hitler became untouchable.
How ordinary Germans reacted as the true nature of the regime became impossible to ignore.
Roger also reveals why he's writing the first major English-language history of the Night of the Long Knives in decades—and why this pivotal episode deserves far more attention than it has received.

On 18 June 1940, with France collapsing and Britain seemingly standing alone against Nazi Germany, Winston Churchill delivered one of the most famous speeches in modern history: "Their Finest Hour".
In this episode, Antonia Senior and historian Roger Moorhouse revisit the speech that became synonymous with British defiance. What was Churchill trying to achieve? Who was he speaking to? And how persuasive was his message to those living through the crisis of 1940?
The conversation explores the political context of the speech, the arguments for and against fighting on, Churchill's appeal to American opinion, and the uncomfortable question of whether Britain's eventual victory justified the enormous sacrifices that followed.
Along the way, Antonia and Roger discuss Churchill's reputation as an orator, contemporary reactions to the speech, the threat posed by Nazism before the Holocaust was fully understood, and the enduring tension between heroic national myth and historical reality.
Books discussed:
• The Roar of the Lion – Richard Toye
• Churchill: Walking with Destiny – Andrew Roberts
• Fateful Choices: Ten Decisions That Changed the World, 1940–1941 – Ian Kershaw
Was this truly Britain's finest hour—or is that a story we have told ourselves ever since?

In August 1991, a group of hardliners inside the Soviet leadership launched a desperate bid to save the USSR. Led by the head of the KGB, they placed Mikhail Gorbachev under house arrest, declared a state of emergency, and attempted to reverse the reforms of perestroika and glasnost.
Instead, they accelerated the collapse of the Soviet Union.
This week on History Book Buffs, Antonia Senior and Roger Moorhouse discuss historian Robert Service's gripping new account of the August Coup: the dramatic three days that changed the course of world history.
They explore:
Why Gorbachev's reforms destabilised the Soviet system
The secret KGB recordings that helped trigger the coup
Boris Yeltsin's famous stand on a tank
Why the plotters failed to act decisively
How the coup directly led to the dissolution of the USSR
Whether the roots of Putinism can be found in 1991
Why history may judge Yeltsin more kindly than it does today
Along the way they discuss Soviet decline, Russian nationalism, the Baltic states, corruption, and the extraordinary speed with which a superpower disappeared.
Robert Service – The August Coup: The Plot to Overthrow Gorbachev
Buy the book here
Featured Book

Antonia Senior and Roger Moorhouse examine one of the most dramatic episodes of the Second World War: the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich, the Nazi official known as the "Butcher of Prague" and one of the principal architects of the Holocaust.
In May 1942, Czech and Slovak agents trained by Britain's Special Operations Executive launched Operation Anthropoid, a daring mission to kill one of Hitler's most feared lieutenants. The attack succeeded—but at a terrible cost. The Nazi reprisals that followed destroyed villages, killed thousands, and crushed much of the Czech resistance.
Was the operation worth it? Did it advance the Allied cause, or was the human price simply too high? Antonia and Roger explore the difficult moral questions that continue to divide historians today.
Along the way they discuss:
Who Reinhard Heydrich really was
How he rose to become one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany
The planning and execution of Operation Anthropoid
The role of Britain's Special Operations Executive (SOE)
The destruction of Lidice and the wider Nazi reprisals
The fate of the assassins Josef Gabčík and Jan Kubiš
Whether political assassination can ever be justified
How historians assess resistance movements in occupied Europe
The difficult question of whether the operation ultimately achieved its aims
📚 Resistance: The Underground War in Europe 1939–1945 — Halik Kochanski
📚 The Killing of SS Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich — Callum MacDonald
📚 Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich — Robert Gerwarth
📚 HHhH (novel) — Laurent Binet
🎬 Anthropoid (2016), starring Cillian Murphy and Jamie Dornan
History Book Buffs is the podcast where Antonia Senior and Roger Moorhouse explore the most fascinating events in history through the books that bring them to life. Each episode combines historical debate, book recommendations and lively discussion about the people, ideas and decisions that shaped our world.
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#HistoryPodcast #WorldWarII #SecondWorldWar #ReinhardHeydrich #OperationAnthropoid #SOE #CzechResistance #Lidice #NaziGermany #Holocaust #HistoryBooks #RogerMoorhouse #AntoniaSenior
Books & Resources MentionedAbout History Book Buffs

George Orwell wrote Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four before the full reality of Soviet domination in Eastern Europe had unfolded. So how did he see it coming?
In this episode of History Book Buffs, Antonia Senior and Roger Moorhouse discuss Orwell’s extraordinary political insight, his warnings about Stalinism and totalitarianism, and why his work still shapes political writing today.
Prompted by Antonia Senior’s Orwell Prize shortlist for Stalin’s Apostles, the discussion explores Orwell’s legacy through the worlds of espionage, Soviet propaganda and Cold War history. Did people already know about Stalin’s crimes in the 1930s? What did Orwell understand that so many intellectuals missed? And what separates Orwell’s democratic socialism from the revolutionary communism embraced by figures such as Kim Philby and the Cambridge Five?
The conversation covers Animal Farm, Nineteen Eighty-Four, Why I Write, the Spanish Civil War, Soviet propaganda, Harry Peter Smollett, Alexander Orlov, Kim Philby, Václav Havel, samizdat publishing and the continuing battle between truth and political myth.
Topics discussed:
• George Orwell
• Animal Farm
• Nineteen Eighty-Four (1984)
• Why I Write
• Stalin and Stalinism
• The Cambridge Five and Kim Philby
• Soviet propaganda
• Harry Peter Smollett
• Spanish Civil War
• Eastern Europe and dissident movements
• Political writing and truth