Illuminated

Radio 4 is marking the arrival of the Bayeux Tapestry in Britain with a day of programmes on the Norman Conquest and its lasting legacy today.
George Parker, political editor of the Financial Times, was first captivated by the tapestry as a young boy when he was taken to see it on a family holiday to Normandy. He went on to discover why the tapestry is first and foremost a deeply political object.
Tracing an extraordinary history over nearly 1000 years, George singles out the moments which show the power of a 70-metre-long piece of embroidered cloth with its stories of war, ambition and betrayal.
Why do some see it as an 11th century war ‘dossier’, justifying the Norman conquest of Britain and the building of a new nation?
Why did Napoleon have it brought to the Louvre as he plotted a new invasion across the Channel?
Why were the Nazis obsessed with the fine details of the tapestry - and how were they thrillingly stopped in their quest to claim it at the climax of the Second World War?
And how has a piece quintessentially associated with Anglo-French conflict come to symbolise the reverse – a new ‘entente amicale’ in the post-Brexit era?
George talks to historical experts and key players from politics and diplomacy. Guests include former prime minister Theresa May, George Osborne, Chris Bryant, French culture minister Catherine Pégard, Philippe Bélaval, Peter Ricketts, Professor Shirley Ann Brown and Dr Dave Musgrove.
With thanks to the City of Sheffield Festival Band.
Producer: Leela Padmanabhan
Sound Design: Hal Haines

Footsteps on a metal walkway. The jangle of keys and the resonant clang of thick steel doors slamming.
The clamour of voices raised in conversation, or argument, or laughter… their echoes ricocheting off brick and concrete.
TVs and radios, all tuned to different stations, fighting it out with each other, overlapping and blurring into a muddle of sound.
Prison is a swirling soundscape. A cacophony of disparate elements bouncing off the walls, assaulting your ears - and your mind. And each sound has a meaning, a resonance, both to prisoners and prison officers.
Nowadays Ric Renton is a playwright and screenwriter. But two decades ago that soundscape was part of his life... day and night. In his late teens he served time, first in a Young Offenders’ Institution and later in HMP Durham. And in the 20 years since he left, he’s often thought back to the sound of those places.
In this Illuminated he considers the significance of sound in prison - its impact on prisoners in an environment where they can’t escape it, the rhythms of its rise and fall across the day, and the way sound gives you clues about the prevailing mood... whether everybody’s relaxed or whether there’s tension in the air.
Ex-prisoners Valentine, Will, Yasmine and Nassri reflect on the barrage of noise they encountered in prison and the impossibility of escaping from it.
Valentine recalls sounds echoing and bouncing off the walls. And wrapped up in the cacophony was pain and trauma - and truth too. It seemed to patrol the prison corridors, even in the relative quiet of the night when inmates were banged up in their cells. Ric Renton remembers, at HMP Durham in the depths of the night, the warders’ shout when they discovered that a prisoner had taken their own life: the sudden, chilling cry of “One off!”
And former prison officer Alex South recalls how she and her colleagues could read the mood of the wing just by listening. If the shouting had diminished and everything was quieter, if people were murmuring and watchful, then there was probably trouble brewing.
The programme is soundtracked by recordings made on location in prison - the sounds as prison officers kit up at the beginning of their shift, the cacophony which explodes onto the wing at morning unlocking, the alarms, the gates, the keys, the prison officers’ radios, the procession and accumulation of sounds which mark the passing of another day inside.
Noise, bodies and minds - bouncing off the walls.
With thanks to the Prison Radio Association, Synergy Theatre Company and HMP Berwyn for their assistance in the making of this programme.
Presenter: Ric Renton
Producer: Jeremy Grange
Executive Producer: Olivia Humphreys
An Overcoat Media production for BBC Radio 4

You might know Birmingham's Bullring as one of the UK's premiere shopping destinations, or somewhere to pass through on your way to visit Birmingham's famous Christmas Market. But at the heart of the Bullring is a special church – one of only three churches in the world to have 16 bells. And bells have been rung on this site for almost 500 years.
The bellringers of Birmingham are arguably the best in the world at change ringing. They are preparing to compete at the annual National 12-Bell Striking Contest at York Minster - and they are the team to beat. Will they add to their formidable winning record, or will the York team have enough home advantage to beat them?
Special thanks to all those taking part:
the Bellringers of St Matins in the Bullring and the Birmingham 12-Bell Striking Contest Team - Alistair Cherry, Mike Wilby, Mark Eccleston, Stephanie Warboys, Jimmy Yeoman, Oliver Bates
Bellringing commentator and presenter Matthew Tosh
Judges of the National 12-Bell Striking Contest - Jo Holden and Jennie Earis
Canon Presenter James Milne of York Minster.
Sound recordist; Mike Rucinski
Sound engineer Nigel Appleton
Producer: Rosie Boulton
A Must Try Softer production for BBC Radio 4

Growing up in rural Derry, author Séamas O’Reilly and his siblings never needed to go to Blockbuster. Instead, they were enraptured by their father’s archive of hundreds of films recorded off the television.
With their snippets of old-timey adverts and local telly, the tapes contain a tantalising glimpse of Northern Ireland in the late 1980s, as well as an array of truly memorable double bills. Where else could you find Pride and Prejudice back-to-back with Commando? Or Strictly Ballroom straight into Highlander?
An indifferent filmgoer, Séamas’s dad was an unlikely cinephile. Arguably, it was the cataloguing that mattered more, meticulously ordering the entries, both alphabetically and chronologically, for his children to browse. It’s only recently, however, that Séamas has begun to understand what lay behind this bewilderingly specific collection.
In this edition of Illuminated, Séamas tries to unravel the mystery of his father’s Grand North Atlantic Home Video Archive, all while trying to understand why so many of us, when faced with tragedy, have a compulsion to record.
Producer: Ant Adeane
Executive Producer: Anishka Sharma
A Small Blue production for Radio 4

Award winning Scottish folksinger, songwriter and storyteller, Karine Polwart celebrates the 300th anniversary of James Hutton’s birth, the Scottish scientist and philosopher known as the father of geology.
With specially performed music and song, she explores one of Hutton’s most radical and challenging concepts - deep time. Hutton was the first to hypothesise that the formation of the Earth had taken unfathomably long stretches of time, far, far longer than the eight thousand or so years that studies of the bible had suggested. And that radical theory would be confirmed by a discovery Hutton made when he and his two companions stepped ashore from a boat trip to Siccar Point on the east coast of Scotland in June 1788. What he saw was sandstone eroded away to reveal sharp vertical shards of the rock greywacke laid down some 60 million years earlier -what geologist today would call an unconformity.
Recreating that journey for the programme Karine is joined by geologist Dr Angus Miller and David Farrier, writer and Professor of Literature and the Environment at the University of Edinburgh.
Angus explains just how influential Hutton’s theory became through the writing of his companion on the trip - John Playfair
"The mind seemed to grow giddy by looking so far into the abyss of time; and while we listened with earnestness and admiration to the philosopher who was now unfolding to us the order and series of these wonderful events, we became sensible to how much farther reason may sometimes go than imagination can venture to follow."
The truth that Hutton revealed was indeed far stranger than fiction, not only upending the received wisdom about the age of the Earth but would have far reaching consequences, giving successors like Charles Darwin a timescale that would allow the incremental changes of natural selection to take place.
For David Farrier Hutton’s discoveries opened up not only the deep past but the prospect of the deep future. His book Footprints: In Search of Future Fossils, looks at the marks we are leaving on the planet and how these might appear in the fossil record in the deep future.
Karine weaves these ideas together in the music threaded through the programme blending the events of Hutton’s visit with these challenging ideas about our responsibility to those far off generations to come.
The idea of seeing intimate, human connections to the geology of the planet is taken up by the artist Illana Halperin. Her work explores where human time and geological time scales intersect most notably in how she shares a birthday with the Icelandic volcano Eldfell that she visits on every major milestone as they age together.
The programme builds to a crescendo of all these ideas overlaid and blended into a powerful message of how we’ve become a planetary force capable of great feats for both good and ill.
Written, composed and performed by Karine Polwart
Sound design and additional music by Pippa Murphy
Piano: Dave Milligan
Producer: Peter McManus