Secret Life of Books

To round out our series on high school novels we're jumping across the pond (aka the Atlantic Ocean) and skipping several decades to find ourselves in early 1990s Massachusetts. Welcome to the world of East Coast preppy culture, where Laura Ashley dresses, LL Bean canvas tote bags, goldfish crackers, classic rock, pink shorts and ties with whales on them, reign supreme.

As with the other three school stories we’ve covered so far, the ultra-elite East Coast boarding school of Curtis Sittenfeld’s 2005 novel Prep is a microcosm of the nation at large - or at least a decent segment of it. Prep is set in the class-conscious world of New England and the boarding schools that are meant to produce the graduates of Harvard, Yale and Princeton. Sittenfeld, who, like her heroine Lee is from the Midwest, picks up the milieu of The Great Gatsby half a century later, and makes the characters are ten years younger. Picture Daisy and Tm Buchanan, Jordan Baker and Nick Caraway in high school, wondering if they should use a different deodorant, and whether they have the right haircut.

Prep was The Secret History of American boarding school stories when it came out, an authentic glimpse into what really went on in these ultra privileged high school campuses. Curtis Sittenfeld would take on other iconic American stories in subsequent novels, rewriting the worlds of First Lady Laura Bush and Hillary Rodham Clinton. With Prep she trained her excruciatingly detailed outsider-observer’s eye on the rituals, mores and social markers of America’s white elites.
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In 1969, six years before the Sex Pistols formed and punk broke, a 15 year old boy from Yorkshire called Billy Casper flicked at v-sign at the world. A photograph of that moment became one of the iconic images of late 20th Century Britain, appearing on t-shirts, posters, graffiti, and - of course - a book cover.

Billy Casper wasn't a real boy. He is the anti-hero of Barry Hines’ A Kestrel for a Knave, published in 1968. The book is a masterpiece in its own right, but owes its status in part to the film adaptation made immediately after it came out. Director Ken Loach, working with Hines as scriptwriter, decided to make the film exactly where the book is set - in and around Barnsley, a coal-mining town in Yorkshire. The boy in the poster is, in fact, 15-year-old David Bradley - a local working-class boy without any acting experience, whose father worked in the mines. David Bradley and Billy Caspar are almost inseparable in our imaginations. And so that famous photograph, taken on set, became the image used on the cover of future editions of the book.

A Kestrel for a Knave changed school stories forever. Billy is a semi-literature child living in a state of neglect on a housing estate. His school is a bad secondary modern, where the pupils are physically and psychologically abused by their depressed teachers. What makes Billy’s life worthwhile is his love of the countryside, and the kestrel hawk he has managed to raise and keep in the garden shed.

What Billy wants is to fly his kestrel, but the world keeps getting in the way - his brother, teachers, school bullies, even the Youth Employment Officer. Hence Billy’s iconic v-sign - the ultimate statement of his refusal to participate in anything society has to offer.

Barry Hines, A Kestrel for a Knave
Ken Loach, Kes
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Published in 1961, The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie tells the story of a charismatic and narcissistic teacher in a girl’s private school in Edinburgh during the 1930s. Miss Brodie, who insists repeatedly that she is in the prime of her life - aka middle-aged - cultivates a ‘set’ of impressionable young girls who she can use as proxies to act out her own desires. On at least one occasion, when she encourages an impressionable young girl to fight for the fascists in the Spanish Civil War, this has fatal consequences. In the end, it is one of her own set who ‘betrays’ her to the headmistress Miss Mackay, providing the necessary intel to ensure her sacking.

The character of Miss Brodie isn’t the only thing memorable about this book. The prose is - as you would expect from a writer called Spark - electric. That is to say, both poetic and incredibly funny. She also manages to write an avant-garde non-linear account of Brodie’s supposed ‘prime’ that has its own propulsion. The novel darts around over a thirty year time period with an effortlessness and accessibility that even the greatest writers struggle to achieve.

The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie was published first in the New Yorker. It was an immediate hit and reached canonical status when it was adapted into an Oscar winning film in 1969, starring Dame Maggie Smith and directed by Ronald Neame of Poseidon Adventure fame.

In this episode, we’re going to find out who betrayed Miss Brodie - and why. We’re also, as ever, going to delve beyond the book into the prime of Muriel Spark herself, uncovering the real Brodies who inspired her, how her earlier career as a biographer helped shape her approach to fiction, and why endings are always just beginnings.

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Thomas Hughes’ Tom Brown’s School Days (1857) wasn’t the first school fiction novel – that honour goes to a Sarah Fielding, sister of Henry Fielding, who published The Governess, or The Little Female Academy over a hundred years earlier. But, as is so often the case, it’s the man who takes the credit.

In this episode, Sophie and Jonty look at how Thomas Hughes’ nostalgic celebration of Rugby School in the 1830s super-charged school fiction as a genre for a century to come. Billy Bunter, Molesworth, St Trinian’s and even Hogwarts owe a large debt to Hughes’ novel.

The book tells the story of the eponymous Tom Brown, who goes to Rugby where he excels at rugger and cricket, is bullied by the dastardly Flashman, suffers various torments such as being ‘tossed in a blanket’ and ‘roasted over a fire’, gets the hot for his best friend’s mother and finally discovers evangelical Christianity through the inspiration of his headmaster, Thomas Arnold.

Perhaps what is most striking about Tom Brown’s School Days is that it is both familiar - because of the way it continues to influence school fiction today - but deeply, deeply alien. As Thomas Hughes makes clear, the point of England’s so-called public schools in the 19th Century wasn’t to give boys a rounded education but to prepare them for administration of the British Empire. Tom Brown learns a bit of Greek and Latin, but most of all to fight, boss people about, and quote without questioning propaganda about the benefits of colonialism to a subjugated people.

Thomas Hughes never quite got over the high-point of his Rugby years, but his enthusiasm makes even the most devout alumnus look half-hearted. In 1880, he founded a Utopian community in Tennessee called… you guessed it… Rugby, complete with croquet court and a ‘university’ named after Rugby’s legendary headmaster Thomas Arnold. Needless to say, the community failed in its intentions, although Rugby, Tennessee still exists.
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From the outset, there’s only one kind of honeymoon in classic literature, and it's disastrous. Honeymoons don't become fixed stars in the literary firmament until the early nineteenth century, but they begin as they go on - badly. The first literary honeymoon of the century is Maria Bertram's ill-fated tour with the fatuous Mr. Rushworth in Mansfield Park, with her jealous sister Julia Bertram third-wheeling. Next up we have Victor Frankenstein’s wedding trip to Evian with his bride Elizabeth. No sooner has the couple checked into the hotel and raided the minibar than Frankenstein’s Creature arrives and brutally murders his bride.
After that there’s a trio of hideous honeymoons in Bronte novels – Mr. Rochester’s horrific Caribbean jaunt with his first wife; a catastrophic European whirlwind in The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (husband already philandering), and Heathcliff’s revenge honeymoon with Isabella Linton in Wuthering Heights. After that, it's all downhill with Tess of the D'Urbervilles, Middlemarch and The Portrait of a Lady.
Join Sophie and Jonty for a romp through some of the least romantic holidays in literary history. And we don’t just cover fictional honeymoons – there are some classic bloopers off the page too, involving the Victorian literati themselves having a bad time.
We rank the honeymoons according to our usual rigorous criteria: Tripadvisor rating (location, food, accommodation); Marital Bliss quotient (ie. how was the sex?); Frictionless Travel score and – of course – centrality to the narrative itself.
Join us on a 6-honeymoon literary package tour through England and abroad.

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