SpaceTime: Your Guide to Space & Astronomy

• Earth's Metal Recipe: Tectonics and the Supercontinent Split

  In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover the secrets of ancient geology, explore the watery past of an asteroid, and delve into the origins of globular clusters.Supercontinent Breakup RevealedScientists have made significant strides in understanding the breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia, which occurred over 800 million years ago. Research conducted on rare minerals in Outback Australia has revealed how niobium-rich carbonatites rose through fault zones during tectonic rifting, providing insights into the geological processes that shaped our planet. These findings not only illuminate the history of Rodinia but also highlight the importance of niobium in modern technologies, such as electric vehicles and advanced alloys.Water Activity on Asteroid RichieExciting new research confirms that liquid water once flowed on the parent body of the near-Earth asteroid Richie, challenging previous assumptions about water activity on asteroids. Analysis of rock samples returned by Japan's Hayabusa2 mission has shown evidence of water movement through Ryugu's rocks, indicating that carbon-rich asteroids may have played a more significant role in delivering water to Earth than previously thought. This discovery has profound implications for our understanding of planetary formation and the conditions that made Earth habitable.Origins of Globular ClustersAstronomers are closer to solving the mystery of globular clusters, dense stellar systems that have puzzled scientists for centuries. Recent high-resolution computer simulations have revealed multiple pathways for their formation, suggesting that some may originate from satellite dwarf galaxies stripped of their outer stars during galactic mergers. This breakthrough could lead to new insights into dark matter and the formation of the universe's earliest stars.www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com✍️ Episode ReferencesGeological Magazinehttps://www.tandfonline.com/journals/tgeo20Naturehttps://www.nature.com/Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.Supercontinent Breakup RevealedWater Activity on Asteroid RichieOrigins of Globular Clusters

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• Mars' Microbial Secrets: Potential Biosignatures Uncovered

  In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into groundbreaking discoveries on Mars, the intriguing atmosphere of Makemake, and the awe-inspiring total lunar eclipse that captivated millions.Potential Biosignatures on MarsNASA scientists have revealed that samples collected by the Perseverance rover from Jezero Crater may hold the best chance yet of uncovering evidence of past microbial life. The samples, taken from the rock formation known as Chiava Falls, exhibit characteristics that could indicate potential biosignatures. These findings suggest that Mars may have been habitable for longer than previously thought, challenging earlier assumptions about the planet's history.Atmosphere Discovered on MakemakeIn a remarkable discovery, astronomers have detected indications of a methane gas atmosphere on the distant dwarf planet Makemake. This finding, made using NASA's Webb Space Telescope, suggests the presence of a tenuous atmosphere or possibly cryovolcanic activity. Makemake, which resides in the Kuiper Belt, is now only the second known trans-Neptunian object, after Pluto, to have confirmed gaseous presence, revealing its dynamic nature and potential for active geology.Total Lunar EclipseA stunning total lunar eclipse has mesmerised observers across Australia, Europe, Africa, and Asia. This celestial event transformed the full moon into a blood-red spectacle as Earth’s shadow obscured it. The eclipse lasted over five hours, showcasing the beauty of orbital mechanics and providing a thrilling experience for stargazers.www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com✍️ Episode ReferencesNaturehttps://www.nature.com/Astrophysical Journal Lettershttps://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.Potential Biosignatures on MarsAtmosphere Discovered on MakemakeTotal Lunar Eclipse

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• Water Origins: Comets, Satellites, and Rocket Fuels

  Sponsor Details:This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Insta360. Capture your adventures with their latest game-changer, the GOUltra. For a special SpaceTime listener offer, visit store.insta360.com and use the promo code SPACETIME at checkout. Help support SpaceTime and get a great deal. Win/win!In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore fascinating insights into the origins of Earth's water, the launch of Israel's advanced spy satellite, and the development of a groundbreaking high-energy rocket fuel.About Earth's Water OriginsRecent findings suggest that the water in Comet 12P Pons-Brooks shares the same isotopic signature as Earth's oceans, bolstering the hypothesis that comets played a vital role in delivering water and essential ingredients for life to our planet. Observations from the Atacama Large Millimetre/Submillimeter Array telescope reveal that the deuterium to hydrogen ratio in the comet's water is remarkably similar to that found in Earth's oceans, providing compelling evidence that some Halley-type comets may have contributed to making Earth habitable.Israel's New Spy Satellite LaunchIsrael has successfully launched its Ofek 19 surveillance satellite to monitor terrorist activities across the Middle East. The satellite, equipped with advanced optical and radar systems, is designed to provide high-resolution imagery under various conditions. This launch comes amid ongoing tensions in the region, as Israel seeks to enhance its intelligence capabilities in response to recent attacks.Revolutionary High-Energy Rocket FuelScientists have synthesised a new high-energy compound, manganese diboride, which could revolutionise rocket fuel efficiency. This innovative fuel is over 20% more energetic by weight and 150% more energetic by volume than traditional aluminium-based fuels. The safety and efficiency of manganese diboride may significantly enhance payload capacities for space missions, paving the way for more ambitious exploration efforts.www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com✍️ Episode ReferencesNature Astronomyhttps://www.nature.com/nature-astronomy/Journal of the American Chemical Societyhttps://pubs.acs.org/journal/jacsatBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.Nigel About Earth's Water OriginsIsrael's New Spy Satellite LaunchRevolutionary High-Energy Rocket Fuel

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• Solar Flares, Jupiter's Core, and Life on Exoplanets

  Sponsor Details:This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Insta360. Capture your adventures with their latest game-changer, the GOUltra. For a special SpaceTime listener offer, visit store.insta360.com and use the promo code SPACETIME at checkout. Help support SpaceTime and get a great deal. Win/win!In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into some astounding revelations in solar physics and planetary science, including the extreme temperatures of solar flares, new insights into the formation of Jupiter's core, and the tantalising possibility of life evolving on nearby exoplanets.Solar Flares Hotter Than Ever ImaginedRecent research has revealed that solar flares can reach temperatures exceeding 60 million degrees Celsius, a staggering six and a half times hotter than previously believed. This groundbreaking finding, published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, may provide answers to a long-standing mystery regarding solar flare spectral lines. The study suggests that positively charged particles, or ions, are heated more intensely than electrons during these explosive events, leading to a significant revision of our understanding of solar flare dynamics.New Insights into Jupiter's Core FormationA new study challenges previous theories regarding the formation of Jupiter's core, suggesting that a giant impact may not be responsible for the planet's dilute core structure. Instead, it appears that Jupiter's core formed gradually through the absorption of heavy and light materials during its evolution. This revelation, supported by advanced computer simulations, indicates that the core does not have a distinct boundary but rather blends smoothly into the surrounding hydrogen layers, reshaping our understanding of gas giant formation.Could Life Thrive on Nearby Exoplanets?Exciting new research posits that life may be evolving right now on some of Earth's nearest exoplanets, despite the high levels of radiation they receive. Scientists have drawn parallels between the harsh conditions on these exoplanets and early Earth, where life first emerged amidst extreme ultraviolet radiation. This research highlights the potential for habitability on planets like Proxima b, igniting further interest in the search for extraterrestrial life.www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com✍️ Episode ReferencesAstrophysical Journal Lettershttps://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societyhttps://academic.oup.com/mnrasCornell Universityhttps://www.cornell.edu/Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.Solar Flares Hotter Than Ever ImaginedNew Insights into Jupiter's Core FormationCould Life Thrive on Nearby Exoplanets?

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• Martian Mysteries: Unearthing Asteroid Remnants

  Sponsor Details:This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Insta360. Capture your adventures with their latest game-changer, the GOUltra. For a special SpaceTime listener offer, visit store.insta360.com and use the promo code SPACETIME at checkout. Help support SpaceTime and get a great deal. Win/win!In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover groundbreaking discoveries in planetary science and solar physics, including the remnants of ancient asteroids on Mars, the recovery of the Mother's Day meteorite, and new insights into solar energetic particles.Asteroid Remnants Found in Martian MantleA new study reveals that fragments from ancient asteroids, which significantly impacted Mars around 4.5 billion years ago, are now trapped within the planet's mantle. Data from NASA's Mars Insight lander has provided unprecedented insights into the Martian interior, showing that these remnants, some up to four kilometres wide, offer a unique glimpse into Mars' geological history. The findings suggest a sluggish evolution of the Martian mantle, contrasting sharply with Earth's dynamic tectonic processes.Mother's Day Meteorite DiscoveryIn an exciting expedition, scientists from Curtin University have successfully recovered a meteorite that lit up the skies over Western Australia on Mother's Day. Using the Desert Fireball Network, researchers pinpointed the meteor's landing site and undertook a challenging journey to retrieve samples. Preliminary analysis indicates that the meteorite is an ordinary chondrite, providing valuable insights into its origins and the solar system's history.Tracing Super Fast Electrons from the SunAstronomers have identified two distinct origins for energetic particles emitted by the Sun, thanks to observations from the European Space Agency's Solar Orbiter mission. The research highlights the difference between solar energetic electrons linked to solar flares and those associated with coronal mass ejections. Understanding these two types of solar energetic particles is crucial for predicting space weather and protecting satellites and astronauts from radiation hazards.www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com✍️ Episode ReferencesNASAhttps://www.nasa.gov/Curtin Universityhttps://www.curtin.edu.au/European Space Agencyhttps://www.esa.int/Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

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