Technically Legal - A Legal Technology and Innovation Podcast

• Beyond ChatGPT: Why In-House Counsel Need Purpose Built AI (Cecilia Ziniti, CEO - GC AI)

  This episode features a conversation with Cecilia Ziniti, Co-Founder and CEO of GC.AI. Cecilia traces her career from early the early days of the internet to founding an AI-driven legal platform for in-house counsel. Cecilia shares her journey, starting as a paralegal at Yahoo in the early 2000s, working on nascent legal issues related to the internet. She discusses her time at Morrison & Foerster and her role at Amazon, where she was an early member of the Alexa team, gaining deep insight into AI's potential before the rise of modern large language models (LLMs). The core discussion centers on the creation of GC AI, a legal AI tool specifically designed for in-house counsel. Cecilia explains why general LLMs like ChatGPT are insufficient for professional legal work—lacking proper citation, context, and security/privilege protections. She highlights the app's features, including enhanced document analysis (RAG implementation), a Word Add-in, and workflow-based playbooks to deliver accurate, client-forward legal analysis. The episode also touches on the current state of legal tech, the growing trend of bringing legal work in-house, and the potential for AI to shift the dynamics of the billable hour.  

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• From 'No' to 'Go': How AI Guardrails Drive Trust, Enabling Legal to be a Business Accelerant, Not Blocker (Sabastian Niles, Salesforce President & CLO)

  In this episode, Sabastian Niles, President and Chief Legal Officer at Salesforce, takes a deep dive into the intersection of corporate strategy, in-house legal careers, and the transformative power of Agentic AI. Sabastian shares his unique career path from a near two-decade tenure at a prestigious law firm before joining Salesforce. This conversation is essential for anyone interested in the evolving role of the Chief Legal Officer and the practical application of cutting-edge technology in legal operations. Things We Talk About in this Episode The In-House Career Journey: Sabastian's path highlights an early interest in the law and business connection and the role of the lawyer as a trusted advisor looking at the full lifecycle of a client's needs. Advice for Aspiring In-House Counsel: The importance of self-awareness, understanding your "why," and approaching your work with dedication and authenticity. Salesforce Legal as Customer Zero: How the Salesforce legal department uses the company's own technology, including building their outside counsel management platform on Salesforce and using internal AI agents in Slack channels for sales self-service. Understanding Agentic AI & Agentforce: An explanation of AI agents—systems that can reason and take actions on behalf of human direction—and Salesforce's focus on trusted agentics through the Agentforce Command Center. The Power of AI Guardrails: Sabastian explains that trust is an accelerant for innovation, not an obstacle. Guardrails define what an AI agent shouldn't do, ensuring responsible and ethical deployment, particularly around data access and defined roles. Legal Departments as an Accelerant, Not a Blocker: The vision for the optimized global legal department is one that is deeply embedded in product design, mitigating risk, and serving as a super connector across the entire organization. Regulation and Responsible Innovation in Artificial Intelligence: A discussion on the fast pace of tech innovation versus the speed of regulation, and why major tech companies must uphold high standards and embrace risk-based, interoperable approaches to drive responsible AI adoption.

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• Benchmarking Legal AI: Measuring the Delta Between Man and Machine (Anna Guo Legalbenchmarks.ai)

  Is artificial intelligence custom-made for legal tasks better than general AI tools like Google Gemini and ChatGPT? That is the topic of this episode featuring Legalbenchmarks.ai Founder Anna Guo. Anna is a former BigLaw lawyer who left the practice to become an entrepreneur and now focuses her energies on quantifying the utility of AI in the legal industry. Anna's initial anecdotal research for colleagues quickly revealed a strong community interest in a systematic approach to evaluating legal AI tools. This led to the creation of Legalbenchmarks.AI, dedicated to finding out where the promise of humans plus AI is truly better than humans alone or AI alone. The core of the research involves measuring the "delta," or the extent to which AI can elevate human performance. To date, Legalbenchmarks.ai conducted two major studies: one on information extraction from legal sources and a second on contract review and redlining. Key Findings from the Studies: Accuracy vs. Qualitative Usefulness: The highest-performing general-purpose AI tools (like Gemini) were often found to be more accurate and consistent. However, the legal-specific AI tools often received higher marks in qualitative usefulness and helpfulness, as they align more closely with existing legal workflows. Methodology: The testing goes beyond simple accuracy. It includes a three-part assessment: Reliability (objective accuracy and legal adequacy), Usability (qualitative metrics like helpfulness and coherence for tasks such as brainstorming), and Platform Workflow Support (integration, citation checks, and other features). Human-AI Performance: In the contract analysis study, AI tools matched or exceeded the human baseline for reliability in producing first drafts. Crucially, the data demonstrated that the common belief that "human plus AI will always outperform AI alone" was false; the top-performing AI tool alone still had a higher accuracy rate than the human-plus-AI combo. Risk Analysis: A significant finding was that legal AI tools were better at flagging material risks, such as compliance or unenforceability issues in high-risk scenarios, that human lawyers missed entirely. This suggests AI can act as a crucial safety net. Strengths Comparison: AI excels at brainstorming, challenging human bias, and performing mass-scale routine tasks (e.g., mass contract review for simple terms). Humans retain a significant edge in ingesting nuanced context and making commercially reasonable decisions that AI's instruction-following can sometimes lack. Discussion Highlights: [0:00] – Introduction and background of Anna Guo and Legal Benchmarks AI. [4:30] – The impetus for starting systematic AI benchmarking. [6:00] – Explaining the concept of measuring the "delta" in performance. [9:00] – Detailed breakdown of the three-part AI assessment methodology. [15:00] – Discussion of the contrasting results: general LLM accuracy vs. legal AI qualitative value. [19:00] – Results on AI performance matching human reliability in contract drafting. [21:00] – Debunking the myth about Human + AI always outperforming AI alone. [23:00] – The finding that legal AI excels at surface material risks that lawyers miss. [27:00] – A SWOT analysis of when to use humans and when to use AI. [30:00] – Future roadmap for Legal Benchmarks AI research.  

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• Want to be a Crypto Lawyer? Rule # 1: Use the Technology. Rule #2: Beware of Hyper-Specialization (Justin Wales-Head of Legal, Crypto.com & Author of Crypto Legal Handbook)

  Justin Wales, Head of Legal for the Americas at Crypto.com, and author of The Crypto Legal Handbook visits the show to provide his unique perspective on pivoting from a career in Constitutional Law, including work on high-profile appellate cases like the Obergefell gay marriage decision, to becoming a trailblazer in crypto law and blockchain technology.  He shares his serendipitous journey stemming from a law school article that launched his legal career and his subsequent deep dive into crypto, sparked by WikiLeaks accepting Bitcoin donations. The discussion covers the evolution of his practice to one of the first successful crypto legal groups at a large law firm. Justin emphasizes the necessity for any lawyer in the space to use the technology and become a generalist to navigate the multi-jurisdictional and rapidly evolving industry.  Finally, the conversation touches on the critical distinction between centralized finance (CeFi) and decentralized finance (DeFi), and his outlook that crypto's infrastructure will ultimately serve as the underpinning for future advancements like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT). Episode Highlights:  * Justin's start in Constitutional Law, beginning with a law school paper on unconscionable cruise ship employment contracts that led to Supreme Court brief writing.  * The shift to crypto law: WikiLeaks and Bitcoin's role in it introduced Justin to blockchain technology.  * Building a pioneering crypto legal practice at a large firm in the early days (2013-2015).  * Why the best in-house lawyers, especially in a cutting-edge field like crypto, need to be generalists, not hyper-specialized.  * The inspiration and philosophy behind writing The Crypto Legal Handbook—creating an affordable, regularly updated, and candid resource for students and practitioners.  * Advice for aspiring crypto lawyers today: the field is more mature and requires blending traditional financial regulatory expertise with an industry-wide approach.  * The fundamental distinction between Centralized Finance (CeFi) and the legally complex, more innovative world of Decentralized Finance (DeFi).  * Rule #1 for Crypto Lawyers: Why you must use the technology and the risks of lawyers who are frozen in time with their technical understanding.  * High-level overview of US policy efforts to regulate crypto, including the GENIUS Act (Stablecoins) and the Clarity Act (Securities vs. Commodities regulation).  * Justin's crystal ball: The long-term view that crypto infrastructure will eventually become an unseen layer beneath the rise of AI agents and IoT.   Things We Talk About in this Episode    * Book: The Crypto Legal Handbook by Justin Wales  * Book: Read Write Own by Chris Dixon  * JustinWales.com (for more information on the book and author)  

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• The Business of Law: From IP Lawyer to Investor to CEO to Legal Tech Ecosystem Builder (Avaneesh Marwaha, Litera CEO)

  Avaneesh Marwaha, the CEO of Litera, visits the show to discuss his journey from IP lawyer to becoming a legal tech CEO and investor. He discusses the motivations behind his career pivot, including his desire to be a decision-maker and his passion for the business side of law. The conversation delves into the evolution of Litera, from its origins as a document-focused migration software company to its current role as a comprehensive legal tech ecosystem. Avaneesh highlights the company's strategic shift from acquiring to building new technologies. He also emphasizes the importance of Litera's strong partnership with Microsoft and the company's focus on enhancing law firms' productivity and client service. Key Takeaways: Pivoting from Law to Business: Avaneesh's move from practicing IP law to an in-house role and eventually becoming a CEO was driven by his desire for a more active role in business decision-making. He saw lawyers as reactive to business decisions, and he wanted to be at the forefront of the action. The Value of a Law Degree in Business: Avaneesh shares his perspective on the value of a law degree for business professionals, highlighting the critical thinking and risk tolerance skills it provides. He notes that the corporate transaction course he took in law school was particularly beneficial, teaching him about corporate governance and fiduciary duties. Litera's Evolution: Avaneesh discusses how Litera has grown through strategic acquisitions and a recent focus on internal development. He explains how the company integrates various tools, like Kira and Foundation, to create a seamless ecosystem for lawyers within their daily workflows, primarily in Outlook and Word. The Impact of Generative AI: The discussion touches on the transformative impact of AI on the legal tech industry. Avaneesh explains how AI has enabled Litera to accelerate its product development and introduce features that proactively assist lawyers with tasks like document comparison and client relationship management. Build vs. Buy Strategy: Avaneesh outlines Litera's shift from a buy-heavy strategy to a more balanced build-and-invest approach. This change is largely due to the increased efficiency and speed of development enabled by AI tools. Future of Legal Tech: Avaneesh shares his vision for the future of Litera, which includes a focus on "maniacal client service" and helping law firms proactively grow their business. He believes that as automation handles routine tasks, lawyers will have more capacity for business development and client-centric work. Things We Talk About Kira Systems - A company acquired by Litera specializing in AI-powered contract analysis. Foundation Software - A business acquired by Litera focused on knowledge management. Doxly - A document formatting and repair tool.  

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